Method of and apparatus for forming concrete structures



H. C. J. DEEKS ET AL METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR FORMING CONCRETE STRUCTURES Filed Sept. 18 1920 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Mayif r523." 1,453,707

- H. C. J. DEEKS ET AL v METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR FORMING CONCRETE STRUCTURES Filed Sepf. 18, 1920 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 anventoz p a /1?' l 24 h. l

May 1, 1923. 1,4 3,?

. H. C. J. DEEKS ET AL METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR FORMING CONCRETE STRUCTURES Filed Sept. 18, 1920 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 O O O 0 T V & 25'

(42 g g 4 uvemtoz; W (0% Patented May 1, 1923.

HIRAM C. J. DEEKS, OF CLIFF, NEW YORK, AND lvIAUItICE:DEEKS;01E.ROCHELIIZIE.

PARK, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNORS TO JOSEPH DEEKS, OF SEA CLIFF, NEW YORK.

METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FORMINGCONCRETE STRUCTURES.

Application filed September 18, 1920, Serial No. 411,238.

T 0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, HIRAM C. J. DEEKS, a citizen of the United States, residing in Sea Cliff, county of Nassau, and State of New York, and MAURICE DEEKS, a subject of the Kingdom of Great Britain, residing in Rochelle Park, county of Bergen, and State of New Jersey, have invented an Improve-- ment in Methods of and Apparatus for FormingConcrete Structures, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to an improvement. in method of and apparatus for forming concrete structures, the general purpose being to provide a method which can be practiced by means of relatively. cheap and easily obtainable: devices and which willbe capable of rap-id and effective application.

no form of apparatus by meansof wlnch our improved method may be'practiced is illustrated in the drawings accompanying the present specification and in which Figure l is a generalplan view,

Figure 2, an elevation with a portion in transverse vertical section,

Figure 3, a. view in perspective of c011 crete retaining side members,

Figure 4, a view in perspective of the yoke member,

Figure 5, a view in perspective of the core spacer,

Figure 6, a view in perspective of aportion auxiliary to the yoke, I

.Figure 7 an enlargeddetailview partly in transverse vertical section of a portion of our concrete structure with the apparatus in position for forming the next increment thereof,

, Figure 8, a View in detailand partly in horizontal section showing method of joiningside members to form corners, and

igure 9, is aperspective of a tie rod de pression former.

larly Figure 2, a plurality of rods 1 are po-. sitionedin channels 2 formed in a previously constructed increment of the wall, in;.this case ,shownas adouble wall'with air space between the opposed .sectionsthereof The rod 1 is secured to and supports a yoke having uprights 3 and 4 and a crosshead 5. Asindicated more clearly in Figure 4, the upright 3 is provided with a forked portion Referring to the drawings, more particuatits lower end within which is mounted a nut: 6.; The lower end of the upright 4 is provided with rod receiving channel 7 in alignmentwith the nut 6. Thus to assemble theyoke upon the rod 1, the latter willbe passed through the channel? and will engage the nut 6. The rod 1 ispreferably provided at one end with a head '8, and a collar 9 is preferably interposed. between said-head and the adjacent face ofthe up rigl t; 4;to-permit easy access tothe head of h rod- In assembling the forms for pouring a new increment of concrete, the rods 1 are positioned transversely of the base and sup: ported by spaced surfaces which are uni:

formly level with respect to each other. The

exterior concrete retaining means may consist of a. plurality of vertical retaining mem- I bers made upof suitable lengths of ordinary board 10, preferably assembled to form a framework consisting-of uprights 11 and longitudinal Inemhers 12. Where the side ,wall retaining memberis intended to abut aga nst another similar member to retain the interiorsideadjacent to a corner, an additio-nal upright member 13 may be p-ro vided and will be assembled as indicated more clearlyin Figures 1 and 8. Y'Vith the exterior side wall retaining members in position, supported by the rod 1, the upright.

members of the yoke may be inserted between the boards 10 and the, side frame pieces 12 andpositioned so that the rodl will engage the nut 6 and the channel 7 as hereinabove described. Byv tightening up on the head 8,

the boards 10 will be pressed tightly against the outside surfaces of that portion of the structure previously formed. Referring now to Figure 7, the cross head 5 of the yoke is providedwith channelforming members 14 depending from said cross head to a po sition below the level of the upper edges of the boards 10. These channel forming members 14 arepreferably tapered, asindicated in Figure 4, and may be conveniently constructed as there indicated by means of blocks of wood 15towhich are secured strips of metal of suitable shape. Where the concrete construction is solid, the members l4 'will be connected to form' in eifect a single continu ous channel forming orv shaping member, this result being accomplished by suitable means here shown as a removable, metallic member members.

16 adapted to overlap portions 01"- each of the members let and to be secured thereto by any suitable means.

Where the concrete construction is hollow, the apparatus will include a suitable core, more clearly shown in Figure 7. A core for this purpose may include vertical concrete retaining members 17 adapted to rest on tie pieces 18 supported in channels 30 formed in the previously completed increments of concrete structure. The retaining members 17 are held in spaced relation by a spacer, one suitable form or which is illustrated in Figure 5 and includes tapered uprights 19 with suitable interposed cross pieces, and cover 20 having depending flanges 21, said cover being preferably tapered from one end to the other as more clearly indicated in Figure 1, thus permitting one cover to overlap an adjacent cover. A metallic rod may be secured to the spacing member in such a manner as to form a handle or bail 22 by means of which the spacer is conveniently moved into and out of operative position. In assembling, after the retaining members 17 have been placed in position on the ties 18, the tapered uprights oi the spacer are moved down between said retaining members until the cover 20 rests upon the upper edges thereof with the flanges 21 overlapping the upper portions of said retaining The assembled core is retained in upright position and properly centered by means of the depending channel for: ing members 14 of the yoke. l Vhile the core is in proper position and after the increment of concrete has been poured, a channel forming block 23 (Figures 2 and 9) having a central opening 24- adapted to fit over a por tion of the core and flat bearing portions to engage the upper surfaces of the exterior concrete retaining member 10, is applied at intervals by being pressed or otherwise forced into the upper surface of the concrete to form spaced tie receiving depressions or channels 30.

In practicing our method which may conveniently be carried out by means of the apparatus hereinabove described, we form a base having spaced transverse uniformly level portions, these portions being adapted to receive and support the rods or their equivalent hereinabo'i'e referred to. The torming ot' the base or foundation may be accomplished in any well known manner. the main object being to provide a'substantial foundation with spaced transverse portions all on the same level. It is contemplated that, the level once having been established, succeeding increments of structure will reproduce a similar leveling automatically. \Vith the base established as indicated. our next step is to pour the next in crement of concrete and to form in said in-. crement spaced transverse channels below the normal upper surface of said increment and in vertical alignment with and uniformly distant above the level portions of the base or foundation. The forming of the transverse channels may be and preferably is accomplished during the pouring of the new increment of concrete, this result being accomplished by means of the channel forming member hereinabove described in connection with the yoke. lVhere all of the yokes are of uniform dimensions and proportions, the distance between the bottoms of a given set of transverse channels and the bottoms of the channel forming members when assembled to form the next succeeding set of transverse channels, will remain constant thereby automatically leveling the structure.

In practicin our method and operating the apparatus described, the foundation or base having been established, we first position the rods 1. The exterior concrete retaining members are then placed in operative position supported by said rods. If the wall is of hollow construction, the ties 1.8 are also placed in position in the channels 30 and the core is supported by means of said ties. We then apply the yoke which is secured to the rod 1 in the manner hereinabove described and which not only establishes the position of the exterior retaining members but also effectively centers or positions the core. The parts of the apparatus are now in position for pouring the concrete. One advantage flowing from the present apparatus and method is that no special care need be exercised in pouring except to be sure that the depth of concrete poured is suflicientto engage the channel forming members. The normal level of each pouring may otherwise vary without injury to the ultimate structure at any convenient time after the pouring or applying of the concrete and while it is still plastic, the tie receiving channels 30 may be formed at suitable intervals along the wall by pressing or otherwise forcing the wedge shaped portions of block 23, or the like in the plastic mass to such an extent that the bottoms of the channels will lie in the same horizontal plane. The channels 30 will preferably not extend entirely across the adjacent walls, but will be suihciently long in a transverse direction to accommodate the ties 18. Accordingly, each of the channels 18 will be closed at one end and will open into the air space between thewalls at the other end. After the mixture of concrete has sufiiciently set, the forms may be removed and the rods 1 may be withdrawn from their positions and inserted in a similar position for re-use.

In practicing the method and making use of the apparatus above described, we have effected material savings over well known methods of concrete construction. In'tlie first place, we utilize materials which are readily obtained and which are for the most part of standard size, such for example as the boards forming the exterior concrete retaining members and the lumber utilized in the yoke and spacer. The rods are of ordinary commercial size and design and the ties 18 are those commonly used for similar purposes in the concrete art. The channel forming members 14 and the cover plates 20 are preferably of sheet metal and, being respectively of uniform size and'dimension, may be made in quantities at a relatively low price. H The assembling of the apparatus is very simple and requires a minimum of skilled labor. Another advantage arising out of theuse of our apparatus is that, in the actual pouring of the concrete, the work may be done by unskilled labor inasmuch as the levels are es tablished once and for all when the base or foundation is established.

Other advantages in connection with the use of our method and'apparatus will be apparent but we refer particularly to the speed with which concrete construction may be effected. This is partly due to the lightness and simplicity of the apparatus and partly due to thefact that a relatively large increment of concrete can be poured at a single setting of the forms. In other words, where some processes permit. the pouring vof only eight to ten inches of concrete, we can successfully pour sixteeninches of concrete with a single setting of the forms.

We claim as our invention:

1. Apparatus for forming concrete structures comprising a plurality of transverse rods supported at a uniform level, an upright yoke detachably secured to each of said rods, spaced concrete retaining members maintained in operative position by said rods and said yokes, and a transverse channel forming member depending from each of said yokes to a position below the level of the upper edges of the retaining members.

2. In apparatus for forming hollow concrete structures the combination of a core having overlapping upright retaining members, a tapered spacing member between said retaining members, and a corecover consisting of a plurality oflongitudinallytapered members having'depending flanges in overlapping arrangement and adapted-to engage the upper edges of the upright retaining members, and means. for supporting said positioning said members including a .yoke

having a crossv piece overlying said spaced members, spaced channel formlng members depending from said cross piece, and removable'means for connecting said spaced channel' forming members to form a single continuous channel forming member.

4. In apparatus for forming concrete structures, the combination of a form sup-= porting rod and a yoke consisting of spaced uprights and across member, the free end 1 of one of said uprights having a rod receiving recess open'at one side and the. free end of the other upright havmg'a rod receiving nut in alignment with the rod receiving re-i cess aforesaid.

5. A core for use with apparatus for forming hollow concrete structures, comprising concrete retaining side walls and positionlng, means therefor including a ta-..

pered spacing member between said walls" and core space covering means consisting of a covering member secured tosaid spacer and overlying the upper edgesof-both. re-

taining'walls thereof. 3

6. A core for llSQWltll apparatus for:

forming hollow concrete'structures'compris ing concrete retaining side walls and positioning means therefor including a tapered spacing member between said walls and core space covering means secured to said spacer."

, 'TA core for use] with apparatus for" forming hollow concrete structures comprismg concrete retaming s de walls and posr t1on1ng means therefor. mcludm a tapered spacing member between said wa ls and core space covering means consisting of a plurality of covering members tapered longitudinally and having their "ends overlapping when in operative-position.

In testimony whereof, we have September, 1920.

a MAURICE EE-Ks,

SignBd Our names to thisspecification this 9th day of 

